home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- **********************************************************
- * Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family signature *
- **********************************************************
-
- The pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family [1,2,3] is one of the
- numerous families of serine proteinase inhibitors. The basic structure of
- such a type of inhibitor is shown in the following schematic representation:
-
- +-----------------------+
- | +--------+ |
- | | **|******* |
- xxCxxC#xxxCxxxCxxxxxxCxxxxCxx
- | |
- +----------+
-
- <------50 residues------>
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '#': active site residue.
- '*': position of the pattern.
-
- In addition to the prototype sequence for this type of inhibitor - the bovine
- pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) (also known as basic protease inhibitor
- (BPI)) - this family also includes many other members which are listed below
- (references are only provided for recently determined sequences):
-
- - Mammalian inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors (ITI). ITI's contain two
- inhibitory domains.
- - Tissue factor pathway inhibitor precursor (TFPI) (previously known as
- lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI)), which inhibits factor
- X (Xa) directly and, in a Xa-dependent way, inhibits VIIa / Tissue factor
- activity. TFPI contains three inhibitory domains.
- - Bovine colostrum, serum and spleen trypsin inhibitors.
- - Trypstatin, a rat mast cell inhibitor of trypsin.
- - A number of venom basic protease inhibitors (including dendrotoxins) from
- snakes.
- - Isoinhibitor K from garden snail.
- - Protease inhibitor from the hemocytes of horseshoe crab.
- - Basic protease inhibitor from red sea turtle.
- - Sea anemone protease inhibitor 5 II.
- - Chymotrypsin inhibitors SCI-I,- II, and -III from silk moth.
- - Trypsin inhibitors A and B from the hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm.
- - Trypsin inhibitor from the hemolymph of the flesh fly [4].
- - Acrosin inhibitor from the male accessory gland of Drosophila.
-
- - A domain found in one of the alternatively spliced forms of Alzheimer's
- amyloid beta-protein (APP) (also known as protease nexin II).
- - A domain at the C-terminal extremity of the alpha(3) chain of type VI
- collagen.
- - A domain at the C-terminal extremity of the alpha(1) chain of type VII
- collagen.
-
- We developed a pattern which will only pick up sequences belonging to this
- family of inhibitors. It spans a region starting after the third cysteine and
- ending with the fifth one.
-
- -Consensus pattern: F-x(3)-G-C-x(6)-[FY]-x(5)-C
- [The two C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for trypsin inhibitor IV from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus which
- has Asp instead of Phe/Tyr.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Ikeo K.
- kikeo@genes.nig.ac.jp
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Laskowski M., Kato I.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49:593-626(1980).
- [ 2] Salier J.-P.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 15:435-439(1990).
- [ 3] Ikeo K., Takahashi K., Gojobori T.
- J. Mol. Evol. 34:536-543(1992).
- [ 4] Papayannopoulos I.A., Biemann K.
- Protein Sci. 1:278-288(1992).
-